A special education teacher is preparing for an initial evaluation of an English language learner. To minimize bias most effectively, the teacher should administer:

Administering assorted formal and informal tests in the student's primary language is the most effective way to minimize bias during the initial evaluation of an English language learner. This approach allows for a holistic understanding of the student's abilities and challenges, as it assesses their knowledge and skills in a language they are most comfortable with.

Using the student's primary language helps to obtain accurate information about their cognitive abilities and academic skills without the interference of language barriers, which can mask the true understanding or capabilities of the student. It enables the evaluator to distinguish between issues related to language acquisition versus actual learning disabilities. Additionally, incorporating a variety of assessment methods—both formal and informal—provides a more comprehensive view of the student's strengths and weaknesses, leading to more informed educational decisions and appropriate interventions.

While conducting a series of observations in a regular classroom setting might offer insights into the student’s social interactions and behavior, it does not provide a thorough assessment of their academic abilities or potential learning challenges. Similarly, administering a single formal test in English or using a standardized test adapted for bilingual students may not fully capture a student's knowledge or skills due to linguistic limitations. Thus, the approach of using assorted assessments in the primary language stands out as the best practice to reduce bias and accurately evaluate the learner.